Sandy, unfortunately, he wasn't swimming very well at all without the jacket. That was the reason we bough it. He has no bouancy. His head immediately goes under! He panicked every time. The instructor that taught his the AKC CGC course suggested the jacket till he learns where the steps are. He did great Saturday (with the jacket on) but yesterday did horrible. He continuously swam into the wall next to the steps. I even have a huge orange traffic cone on the top step. I stand there and call "Rusty, target, target", the whole time next to the cone with his liver treats. Once my Husband steers him in that direction he comes to the cone and gets his treat. But he still has to be steered or he goes anyway. He is very bulky and sinks like a bag of rocks!! THe lessons continue!